Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common heart rhythm problem in which the upper chambers of the heart beat irregularly and often fast. It becomes more common with age and is linked to high blood pressure, heart valve disease (including rheumatic heart disease) and thyroid problems. It is not usually immediately dangerous, but it raises the risk of stroke about five times because blood clots can form in the heart. Treatment controls the heart rate and prevents stroke.
Symptoms
An irregular, fast or pounding heartbeat (palpitations)
Shortness of breath
Tiredness and being less able to exercise
Dizziness or fainting
Chest discomfort
Some people have no symptoms at all
Causes
High blood pressure
Coronary heart disease and heart failure
Heart valve disease, including rheumatic heart disease
An overactive thyroid
Older age
Alcohol, lung disease and being overweight
Prevention
Keep blood pressure under control
Keep a healthy weight and stay active
Avoid alcohol
Talk to a doctor
Get advice by video, voice or chat without leaving home.
Cut down on very strong tea, coffee or energy drinks if they trigger palpitations
Get thyroid problems and heart valve disease treated
Treatment
Medicines to slow the heart rate or restore a normal rhythm
Blood thinners (anticoagulants) to prevent stroke, as prescribed, with regular blood tests when needed
Treating the cause, such as high blood pressure or thyroid disease
Procedures such as cardioversion or ablation for some people
Do not start or stop prescription medicines without a doctor — especially blood thinners
Common questions
Why do I need a blood thinner if my heart feels fine?
In AF, blood can pool in the heart and form clots that travel to the brain and cause a stroke, even when you have no symptoms. Blood thinners greatly reduce this risk.
Can I take painkillers with a blood thinner?
Paracetamol is usually the safer choice. Painkillers such as ibuprofen, diclofenac and aspirin raise the risk of bleeding with blood thinners. Always ask your doctor or pharmacist first.
