Bipolar disorder is a long-term mental illness in which a person has periods of very high mood and energy (mania) and periods of depression, with normal times in between. During mania people may sleep little, talk fast, spend money or take dangerous risks. It usually begins in young adulthood. With long-term treatment, most people can control their mood swings.
Symptoms
Mania: feeling very happy, excited or irritable for days
Mania: needing very little sleep, fast speech and racing thoughts
Mania: unrealistic plans, overspending or risky behaviour
Depression: sadness, loss of interest, tiredness and hopelessness
Depression: thoughts of death or suicide
In severe episodes, false beliefs or hearing voices
Causes
Genes: it often runs in families
Changes in brain chemistry
Episodes can be triggered by stress, lack of sleep or childbirth
Alcohol and drug use can trigger episodes
Some antidepressants given alone can trigger mania
Prevention
Take mood-stabilising medicine every day, even when you feel well
Keep regular sleep; losing sleep is a common trigger
Avoid alcohol and drugs
Learn your early warning signs and tell your family
Keep regular follow-up visits with your doctor
Treatment
Mood-stabilising medicine prescribed and monitored by a doctor; some need regular blood tests
Other medicines for mania or depression as decided by the doctor
Talking therapy and family education
A regular daily routine for sleep, meals and activity
Do not start, stop or change these medicines without a doctor
Common questions
Why do I need medicine when I feel well?
Mood stabilisers prevent new episodes. Many people stop them when they feel well and then become ill again. Talk to your doctor before making any change.
Is bipolar disorder the same as normal mood changes?
No. Everyone has good and bad days, but in bipolar disorder the highs and lows are extreme, last days or weeks and seriously affect life and relationships.
