Dengue fever is a viral infection spread by Aedes mosquitoes, which bite mostly during the day. In Afghanistan, outbreaks have been reported in eastern provinces such as Nangarhar, mainly in summer and autumn. Most people recover in about a week, but a small number develop severe dengue with bleeding and shock, which needs hospital care.
Symptoms
Sudden high fever
Severe headache and pain behind the eyes
Severe muscle and joint pain
Nausea and vomiting
A skin rash a few days after the fever starts
Warning signs: belly pain, repeated vomiting, bleeding gums or nose, black stool, extreme tiredness
Causes
Dengue virus
Bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes, mainly during the day
Mosquitoes breed in clean standing water in containers, tyres and pots
A second dengue infection carries a higher risk of severe illness
Prevention
Empty, cover or remove containers that hold water around the home every week
Use mosquito repellent and wear long sleeves during the day
Use window screens and bed nets, including for daytime sleep
Keep a sick person under a net so mosquitoes do not spread the virus
Treatment
There is no specific medicine for the dengue virus
Rest and drink plenty of fluids, including ORS
Paracetamol only for fever and pain
Do not take aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac or other NSAIDs, as they increase bleeding
Blood tests and hospital care for warning signs or severe dengue
Do not start prescription medicines or injections without a doctor
Common questions
Why should I not take ibuprofen for dengue?
Ibuprofen, aspirin and similar painkillers can increase the risk of bleeding in dengue. Use only paracetamol, in the correct dose, unless a doctor advises otherwise.
Is the fever going down a sign that I am getting better?
Not always. In dengue, the most dangerous time is often when the fever falls, around days 3 to 7. Watch for warning signs and go to hospital if they appear.
