Giardiasis is an infection of the small intestine caused by a tiny parasite called Giardia. It is very common in Afghanistan and spreads through contaminated water, food and unwashed hands. It causes diarrhoea, gas and bloating that can last for weeks, and in children it can affect growth. It is easily treated with medicine.
Symptoms
Watery or soft, greasy, bad-smelling diarrhoea
Gas, bloating and stomach cramps
Burping with a bad, rotten-egg taste
Nausea and loss of appetite
Tiredness and weight loss
Symptoms that come and go for weeks
Causes
Giardia parasite
Drinking untreated water from wells, streams or pipes
Eating food or salads washed in contaminated water
Not washing hands after the toilet or changing nappies
Close contact with an infected person, especially among children
Prevention
Drink boiled or filtered water
Wash hands with soap after the toilet, after changing nappies and before eating
Wash fruit and vegetables with clean water
Keep latrines away from wells and water sources
Treatment
A stool test can confirm the infection
Medicine prescribed by a doctor, such as metronidazole or tinidazole
Drink plenty of fluids and use ORS if there is a lot of diarrhoea
Avoid alcohol while taking metronidazole or tinidazole
Other family members may also need testing
Do not start prescription medicines without a doctor
Common questions
Why does giardia cause rotten-egg burps?
The parasite disturbs digestion in the small intestine, so food ferments and makes gas with a bad smell. This usually stops after treatment.
Can giardia come back after treatment?
Yes, if you drink unsafe water again or other family members are still infected. Safe water and handwashing are the best protection.
