Enlarged prostate
An enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia) is a non-cancerous growth of the prostate gland, which sits below the bladder in men. It is very common after age 50 and can squeeze the urine tube, causing a weak flow and frequent urination. It is not cancer and does not turn into cancer, but prostate cancer can cause similar symptoms, so a check-up is important.
Symptoms
- Weak or slow urine stream
- Difficulty starting to pass urine
- Needing to pass urine often, especially at night
- Feeling that the bladder is not fully empty
- Dribbling at the end
- A sudden strong urge to pass urine
Causes
- Hormone changes with age
- Very common after 50 and increases with age
- Family history
- The exact cause is not fully known
Prevention
- It cannot be fully prevented
- Drink less tea and fluids in the evening to reduce night-time urination, but drink enough during the day
- Avoid cold and flu medicines with decongestants or antihistamines, which can block urine, unless a doctor approves
- Stay active and keep a healthy weight
- Men over 50 should have a yearly check-up
Treatment
- Mild symptoms may only need watching and lifestyle changes
- Tablets that relax the prostate (such as tamsulosin) or shrink it (such as finasteride), prescribed by a doctor
- Tests may include a urine test, a blood test (PSA) and an ultrasound
- Surgery if symptoms are severe or the bladder cannot empty
- Do not take prostate medicines or herbal products without a doctor
Common questions
Does an enlarged prostate mean I have cancer?
No. An enlarged prostate is not cancer and does not turn into cancer. But both can happen at the same age, so your doctor may suggest a PSA blood test and an examination.
Why can cold medicines make it worse?
Many cold and allergy medicines contain ingredients (such as pseudoephedrine or older antihistamines) that tighten the bladder outlet and can suddenly stop the urine. Ask a doctor or pharmacist before taking them.