Snake bites and scorpion stings are common in rural Afghanistan, especially in summer and among farmers, shepherds and children. Some snakes, such as cobras and vipers, are very venomous and their bites can cause bleeding, paralysis or death. Most scorpion stings cause severe pain but are not dangerous to adults, although they can be serious in young children. Antivenom given in hospital saves lives.
Symptoms
Pain, swelling and fang or sting marks at the bite
Swelling that spreads up the limb
Bleeding from the bite, gums or nose, or blood in urine (some snakes)
Drooping eyelids, difficulty swallowing, speaking or breathing (some snakes)
Nausea, vomiting, sweating and dizziness
Scorpion sting: burning pain, tingling and numbness; in children, restlessness, drooling, fast breathing or abnormal movements
Causes
Venomous snakes such as cobras and vipers
Scorpions hiding in shoes, bedding, walls and under stones
Walking barefoot or in the dark
Putting hands into holes, wood piles or under stones
Sleeping on the ground
Prevention
Wear shoes and use a torch when walking at night
Shake out shoes, clothes and bedding before use
Sleep on a raised bed or under a tucked-in bed net, not on the ground
Keep the area around the home clear of rubbish, wood piles and tall grass
Do not try to catch or kill snakes
Treatment
Keep the person calm and still, and take them to hospital quickly
Remove rings, watches and tight clothing near the bite
Keep the bitten limb still, like a broken bone, at about heart level
Do not cut the wound, suck out venom, tie a tight tourniquet, apply ice or use traditional remedies
Snake bites may need antivenom in hospital; scorpion stings: wash, apply a cold cloth and take paracetamol for pain
Take children with scorpion stings to a clinic; do not start prescription medicines without a doctor
Common questions
Should I tie a tight band above a snake bite?
No. A tight tourniquet can cut off blood flow and cause the limb to be lost. Keep the limb still, remove tight items and get to hospital quickly.
Should I kill the snake and bring it to the hospital?
No. Trying to catch or kill the snake can lead to more bites. If it is safe, take a photo from a distance. Doctors can treat the bite based on the symptoms.
