Stomach cancer
Stomach cancer starts in the lining of the stomach and usually grows slowly over many years. It is more common in men and in people over 50, and rates are relatively high in Central Asia, including Afghanistan. It is linked to long-term H. pylori infection, salty and preserved foods, and smoking. Because early symptoms are mild, it is often found late, so warning signs should be checked early.
Symptoms
- Indigestion or stomach pain that does not go away
- Feeling full after eating only a little
- Loss of appetite and weight
- Nausea or vomiting, sometimes with blood
- Black stools
- Tiredness and paleness from anaemia
- Difficulty swallowing
Causes
- Long-term H. pylori infection
- A diet high in salt and salted, pickled or smoked foods, and low in fresh fruit and vegetables
- Smoking and naswar
- A family history of stomach cancer
- Older age and male sex
- Long-standing gastritis or previous stomach surgery
Prevention
- Get tested and treated for H. pylori if you have long-lasting stomach symptoms
- Use less salt and eat fewer salted, pickled and smoked foods
- Eat fresh fruit and vegetables every day
- Do not smoke or use naswar
- See a doctor early for indigestion that does not go away
Treatment
- Diagnosis by endoscopy and biopsy
- Surgery to remove part or all of the stomach when the cancer is found early
- Chemotherapy and, in some cases, radiotherapy
- Supportive care for pain, nutrition and comfort
- Treatment is planned by a specialist team, usually at a major hospital
- Do not rely on unproven remedies instead of medical treatment
Common questions
Does every case of stomach pain mean cancer?
No. Most stomach pain is caused by gastritis, ulcers or reflux. But pain that does not go away, especially with weight loss, vomiting or black stools, must be checked by a doctor.
Can stomach cancer be cured?
When it is found early and removed by surgery, many people can be cured. That is why it is important not to ignore warning signs.