Urinary tract infection
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of the bladder, urethra or kidneys, usually caused by bacteria from the gut. It is very common in women and girls, and also happens in pregnancy, in older men and in children. A bladder infection is usually easy to treat, but an infection that spreads to the kidneys can be serious.
Symptoms
- Burning or pain when passing urine
- Needing to pass urine often and urgently
- Passing only small amounts of urine
- Cloudy, dark or bad-smelling urine
- Pain in the lower belly
- Fever, back or side pain and vomiting if the kidneys are affected
Causes
- Bacteria from the bowel entering the urinary tract
- Not drinking enough water
- Holding urine for a long time
- Pregnancy
- Diabetes
- Kidney stones or an enlarged prostate blocking urine flow
Prevention
- Drink plenty of clean water every day
- Do not hold urine for long
- Women and girls should wipe from front to back after using the toilet
- Pass urine soon after sexual intercourse
- Keep the genital area clean and wear clean cotton underwear
Treatment
- A urine test to confirm the infection
- Antibiotics prescribed by a doctor; finish the full course
- Drink plenty of water
- Paracetamol for pain or fever
- Kidney infections and infections in pregnancy or in children need prompt medical care
- Do not start antibiotics or other prescription medicines without a doctor
Common questions
Is a urinary infection dangerous in pregnancy?
It can be. An untreated infection in pregnancy can spread to the kidneys and may lead to early labour. Pregnant women with symptoms should see a doctor promptly.
Can I use leftover antibiotics for a urinary infection?
No. The wrong antibiotic or a short course may not cure the infection and can cause resistance. See a doctor for a urine test and the right medicine.