Gum disease
Gum disease is inflammation and infection of the gums caused by plaque, a sticky layer of bacteria on the teeth. In the early stage (gingivitis) the gums are red and bleed easily; this can be reversed with good cleaning. If ignored, it can spread to the bone holding the teeth (periodontitis), causing loose teeth and tooth loss. It is very common, especially in people who smoke or use naswar and in people with diabetes.
Symptoms
- Red, swollen or tender gums
- Bleeding when brushing or eating
- Bad breath that does not go away
- Gums pulling back from the teeth so teeth look longer
- Loose teeth or gaps appearing between teeth
- Pus between teeth and gums
Causes
- Plaque and tartar building up from poor brushing
- Smoking and naswar
- Diabetes
- Hormone changes in pregnancy
- Poor nutrition, especially lack of vitamin C
- Some medicines that cause dry mouth or gum swelling
Prevention
- Brush twice a day for 2 minutes, including along the gum line
- Clean between teeth with floss or a thin brush
- Stop smoking and naswar
- Keep diabetes well controlled
- Have teeth cleaned (scaling) by a dentist regularly
- Eat fruit and vegetables
Treatment
- Better daily brushing and cleaning between teeth
- Professional cleaning by a dentist to remove tartar
- Deeper cleaning under the gums for advanced disease
- Mouthwash such as chlorhexidine for a short time if a dentist advises
- Antibiotics only when a dentist prescribes them
- Stopping smoking and naswar greatly improves healing
Common questions
Should I stop brushing if my gums bleed?
No. Bleeding is usually a sign that the gums need more cleaning, not less. Brush gently but thoroughly, and the bleeding usually stops within 1 to 2 weeks. If it does not, see a dentist.
Does naswar harm the gums?
Yes. Naswar damages the gums where it is held, causes gum recession and staining, and increases the risk of mouth cancer. Stopping is the best protection.