Heat stroke is a life-threatening emergency in which the body overheats and can no longer cool itself. It happens during very hot weather, especially in people working outdoors, older people, young children and people with long-term illness. Without fast cooling and medical care, heat stroke can damage the brain and other organs and can kill.
Symptoms
Very high body temperature
Hot, red skin, which may be dry or sweaty
Confusion, strange behaviour or slurred speech
Severe headache and dizziness
Fast heartbeat and fast breathing
Nausea and vomiting
Fits or loss of consciousness
Causes
Long time in hot sun or a very hot place
Hard physical work or exercise in the heat
Not drinking enough water
Wearing heavy clothing in hot weather
Leaving children in closed cars or rooms
Older age, illness or some medicines that affect sweating
Prevention
Drink water regularly in hot weather, even if you are not thirsty
Avoid hard work in the middle of the day; rest in the shade
Talk to a doctor
Get advice by video, voice or chat without leaving home.
Check on older neighbours and relatives during heat waves
Treatment
This is an emergency: call for help and take the person to hospital
Move the person to a cool, shaded place
Remove extra clothing
Cool the body fast: pour cool water over the skin and fan, or put wet cloths on the neck, armpits and groin
If awake and able to swallow, give small sips of cool water
Do not give paracetamol or aspirin for heat stroke, and do not give anything by mouth if the person is confused or unconscious
Common questions
What is the difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke?
Heat exhaustion causes heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness and thirst, and gets better with rest, shade and water. Heat stroke is more serious: the person becomes confused or faints. Heat stroke needs emergency care.
Is plain water enough when working in the heat?
For most people, regular water is enough. If you sweat a lot for many hours, also eat salty food or drink ORS to replace lost salts.
