e& Afghanistan
HomeDoctorsAppointmentsHealthProfile
ENدریپښتو
Sign in

e& Afghanistan

See a doctor from your phone — video, voice or chat, in your language.

A digital health service from e& Afghanistan. General health information only — it does not replace a visit to a doctor.

Legal

  • Terms & Conditions
  • Privacy Policy

© 2026 e& Afghanistan. All rights reserved.

  • Home
  • Doctors
  • Appointments
  • Health
  • Profile
Diseases & conditions
Kidney & bladder

Chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease means the kidneys slowly lose their ability to clean waste and extra water from the blood over months or years. The most common causes are diabetes and high blood pressure. It often has no symptoms until late, so people at risk need regular urine and blood tests. Early care can slow it down and avoid the need for dialysis.

Symptoms

  • Usually no symptoms in the early stages
  • Swelling of the feet, ankles or face
  • Tiredness and weakness
  • Passing more or less urine than usual, or foamy urine
  • Poor appetite, nausea and itchy skin (later stages)
  • Shortness of breath
  • When to see a doctor

    Get medical help quickly if you notice any of these:

    • Swelling of the legs or face, or sudden weight gain
    • Passing much less urine than usual
    • Shortness of breath, especially when lying down
    • Severe tiredness, confusion, vomiting or itching all over
    • You have diabetes or high blood pressure and have never had a kidney test

    In an emergency, go to the nearest hospital or clinic straight away.

    Talk to a doctor

    Get advice by video, voice or chat without leaving home.

    Recommended specialistInternal Medicine
    Talk to a doctor

    Causes

    • Diabetes
    • High blood pressure
    • Repeated kidney infections, or kidney stones that block the urine
    • Long-term use of painkillers such as ibuprofen or diclofenac
    • Inherited kidney diseases
    • Blocked urine flow, for example from an enlarged prostate

    Prevention

    • Keep blood sugar and blood pressure well controlled
    • Have a urine and blood (creatinine) test every year if you have diabetes, high blood pressure or a family history
    • Avoid regular use of painkillers such as ibuprofen and diclofenac without a doctor
    • Use less salt, drink enough water and do not smoke
    • Treat urinary infections and stones early

    Treatment

    • Control of blood pressure and blood sugar with medicines from your doctor
    • A kidney-friendly diet: less salt, and advice on protein and potassium from your doctor or nutritionist
    • Treatment of anaemia and bone problems caused by kidney disease
    • Regular blood and urine tests to follow kidney function
    • Dialysis or a kidney transplant if the kidneys fail
    • Tell every doctor and pharmacist that you have kidney disease, because many medicines need a lower dose

    Common questions

    Does chronic kidney disease always lead to dialysis?

    No. Most people with early kidney disease never need dialysis, especially if blood pressure and blood sugar are well controlled and harmful medicines are avoided.

    Which painkiller is safer for my kidneys?

    Paracetamol at normal doses is usually the safer choice. Avoid regular ibuprofen, diclofenac and similar painkillers unless your doctor approves.

    General information onlyThis guide does not replace an examination by a doctor. Do not start or stop a medicine without a doctor's advice.