Constipation means passing stool less often than usual — fewer than 3 times a week — or having hard, dry stool that is difficult to pass. It is very common at all ages, especially in pregnancy, in older people, and in people who drink little water or eat little fibre. It usually improves with changes in diet and activity.
Symptoms
Fewer than 3 bowel movements a week
Hard, dry or lumpy stools
Straining or pain when passing stool
Feeling that the bowel is not completely empty
Stomach ache and bloating
Causes
Not enough fibre from vegetables, fruit and whole grains
Not drinking enough water
Little physical activity
Ignoring the urge to go to the toilet
Pregnancy
Some medicines, such as iron tablets, codeine and tramadol, or an underactive thyroid
Prevention
Eat more vegetables, fruit, beans, lentils and whole-grain naan
Dried apricots, raisins and figs can help
Talk to a doctor
Get advice by video, voice or chat without leaving home.
Do not ignore the urge, and try to go at a regular time after meals
Treatment
More fibre and fluids are the first step
A bulk-forming or gentle laxative, such as ispaghula husk or lactulose, for a short time
For children: more fluids and fruit, and ask a doctor before giving any laxative
Talk to your doctor if a medicine you take may be the cause
Do not use strong laxatives for a long time without a doctor
Common questions
Can iron tablets cause constipation?
Yes, iron often makes stools harder and darker. Drink more water and eat more fibre. Do not stop iron prescribed in pregnancy without talking to your doctor.
Is it harmful to use laxatives every day?
Fibre-based laxatives are generally safe for longer use. Stimulant laxatives used every day for a long time can make the bowel lazy, so use them only for short periods unless a doctor advises otherwise.
